면허를 교환하세요.
거주자가 되면 대부분의 나라는 기한 내에 외국 운전면허를 교환하도록 요구합니다 — 놓치면 전체 시험을 다시 봐야 합니다. 어디가 바로 교환해 주는지, 어디가 재시험을 요구하는지, 주어진 기간, 그리고 공식 기관을 50개국에 대해 정리했습니다.
국가 교환 기간 상호 인정 안 되면 시험 공식 출처
Brazil Direct swap Broadly convertible for most valid foreign licences (no practical test). Reciprocal/simplified list incl. MERCOSUR (AR/UY/PY/CL), PT/ES/FR/DE/IT/BE, JP/KR; US varies by state — check local DETRAN · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowMust convert to CNH once resident (foreign licence invalid after 180 days in Brazil); no fixed grace once residency established Test if non-reciprocalNon-reciprocal: full theory+practical (full CNH process); reciprocal: none/document review or theory only SourceSENATRAN (federal) / state DETRAN →
Costa Rica Direct swap No country list needed — any valid foreign licence homologates directly (no reciprocity requirement); non-Spanish licences need official translation · IDP accepted short-term Switch windowNo fixed statutory deadline; must homologate before the foreign licence expires and while residency/DIMEX (or filed expediente) is valid Test if non-reciprocalnone (no theory or practical; medical certificate required) SourceCOSEVI (Consejo de Seguridad Vial), under MOPT →
Croatia Direct swap All EU/EEA direct; non-EU/third-country also exchangeable (medical cert + translation) generally without a test · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowWithin 1 year of obtaining residency (non-EU); EU/EEA anytime Test if non-reciprocalnone (full driving school retest only if licence expired >6 months) — verify per origin SourceMinistry of the Interior (MUP) →
Czechia Direct swap All EU/EEA: exchange, no test. Non-EU: no test if licence conforms to Vienna 1968/Geneva 1949 template OR issuer has bilateral mutual recognition with CZ; otherwise cannot exchange and must sit full Czech test · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowWithin 3 months of being granted permanent/temporary residence exceeding 1 year (EU licence holders: no deadline, optional) Test if non-reciprocalnone for conforming/bilateral licences; full theory+practical (via driving school) for non-conforming with no bilateral agreement SourceMinistry of Transport (Ministerstvo dopravy) — Drivers Mgmt Dept; apply at any municipal authority with extended powers (obec s rozšířenou působností) →
Ecuador Direct swap Convenio/homologacion countries: Spain, South Korea, Venezuela, Chile (direct swap). All other origins use "canje" — also no driving test, just medical exam + apostilled licence certificate. · IDP accepted short-term Switch windowverify — no fixed day count; tied to holding a visa/residency >180 days. Resulting licence matches visa validity Test if non-reciprocalnone — no theory/practical; only psychosensometric (medical) exam at ANT-authorized school + Spanish literacy SourceAgencia Nacional de Transito (ANT) →
Georgia Direct swap Broad — any country's valid licence (or expired <1yr) can be exchanged without a test; no reciprocity list. Requires apostilled/legalized authenticity notice from issuing country. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNo hard exchange deadline; may drive on foreign/IDP for 12 months after last entry, then must hold a Georgian licence Test if non-reciprocalnone (exchange without test; local test optional) SourceService Agency (LEPL), Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia →
Panama Direct swap Broad homologation for most countries with a valid, apostilled licence (EU, US, Canada, most of Latin America); check SERTRACEN list. Non-listed origins retest. · IDP accepted short-term Switch windowImmediately on residency approval — foreign licence invalid once residency card issued / migration process begins. Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (non-reciprocal only); reciprocal exchange = vision+hearing screening only SourceSERTRACEN (on behalf of ATTT) →
Philippines Direct swap No reciprocity system — any valid foreign licence (in English or officially translated) converts without a test, regardless of origin country. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowConvert before the 90-day driving allowance ends (if staying long-term); foreign licence must still be valid at time of conversion. Test if non-reciprocalnone (valid foreign licence → no written/practical exam; medical cert only) SourceLand Transportation Office (LTO) →
South Africa Direct swap No country reciprocity list; any valid foreign licence exchangeable if in an official SA language or officially translated. No driving test. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowWithin 1 year of permanent residence (Western Cape cites 5 years); after that foreign licence deemed invalid Test if non-reciprocalnone (eye test only) SourceDept of Transport / provincial DLTC →
Sri Lanka Direct swap No country-specific list; any valid foreign licence (or IDP) converts. Non-English licences need embassy-certified English translation · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowNo fixed statutory deadline; convert once resident (visa 6+ months needed for full local licence) Test if non-reciprocalnone SourceDepartment of Motor Traffic (DMT), Commissioner General of Motor Traffic →
Turkey Direct swap Any country accepted — no test regardless of origin; requires notarized Turkish translation of licence · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowExchange within ~6 months of residency; while foreign licence remains valid Test if non-reciprocalnone (valid foreign licence exchanged directly; no theory/practical test) SourceNüfus ve Vatandaşlık İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (NVI, Directorate General of Population and Citizenship Affairs) →
United Arab Emirates Direct swap ~57 approved origins exchange directly with no test: all major EU/EEA + UK + Switzerland; GCC (SA/KW/BH/OM/QA); JP/KR/CN/HK/TR/AZ/UZ/KG; AU/NZ; CA; USA (incl. Texas + others); ZA. Others must retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowOnce you hold residency + Emirates ID you must drive on a UAE licence — exchange promptly (no formal grace once resident) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (driving school) for non-eligible countries SourceRTA (Dubai) / Ministry of Interior (federal Markhoos initiative); TAMM in Abu Dhabi →
Vietnam Direct swap Broad — any valid national foreign licence converts directly; no reciprocity list, no test · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNo hard deadline; must reside 3+ months first, then convert anytime while licence/visa valid; issued VN licence limited to visa/TRC validity Test if non-reciprocalnone SourceMinistry of Public Security (Police) — took over from Dept. of Transport in 2025 →
Albania Some countries EU/EEA + UK + US + bilateral list (ES, IT, GR, DE, MX, AR, CL, etc.) exchange without test; others (e.g. CO) retest. Verify per country/US-state. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowwithin 12 months of residency Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceDPSHTRR (General Directorate of Road Transport Services) →
Armenia Some countries Vienna Convention 1968 parties exchange without test (most of Europe/CIS/Asia incl. RU, GE, UK, TR, IR, UAE); Canada, Lebanon, USA and other non-1968 countries must retake full exams; US: no exchange (retest) · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowwithin 3 months of obtaining residency/residence permit Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceRoad Police of Armenia (Ճանապարհային ոստիկանություն) →
Australia Some countries Recognised (List A) countries exchange direct, no test: incl. UK, Ireland, most Western EU, Switzerland, Norway, USA, Canada, NZ, Japan, Singapore, Greece, Malta, Croatia. Non-recognised (incl. former EDR: HK, KR, TW, ZA, most CEE) must retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowMust convert within the state's window after becoming permanent resident (e.g. NSW 3 months, VIC 6 months) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceState/territory road authorities (Service NSW, VicRoads, TMR QLD, DoT WA etc.); national policy by Austroads →
Austria Some countries All EU/EEA licences recognised (no exchange needed; C/D lapse after 5yr). Non-EU/EEA: FSG-DV annex states exchange with NO test for all cats (Switzerland, UK, Japan, S.Korea, Serbia, etc.); some (USA, Canada, Australia, NZ) no-test for cat B only; all other origins require driving test. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNon-EU/EEA licence must be converted within 6 months of registering residency in Austria; after that it is no longer valid to drive on. Test if non-reciprocalpractical only (non-annex non-EU origins); full theory+practical may apply case-by-case; none for EEA/annex states SourceLandespolizeidirektion / Bezirkshauptmannschaft (district authority); portal oesterreich.gv.at →
Bulgaria Some countries EU/EEA + Switzerland direct; Vienna Convention countries exchange without test; non-Vienna origins retake exams · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowexchange after 6 months residence; non-EU must exchange within 1 year of residency Test if non-reciprocaltheory+practical exams (no full course) for non-Vienna origins; none for Vienna Convention countries SourceRoad Police (Patna Politsiya), Ministry of Interior →
Canada Some countries Province-specific. Ontario e.g.: all provinces/US states + AU, AT, BE, DK, FR, DE, GB, HU, Isle of Man, JP, NZ, N.Ireland, Ireland, KR, CH, Taiwan exchange without test; others full retest. Other provinces have similar but differing lists. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowOntario: within 60 days of residency; other provinces 30-90 days Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (non-reciprocal origins) SourceProvincial (no federal authority) — e.g. Ontario Ministry of Transportation / DriveTest; ICBC (BC); SAAQ (QC); Service Alberta →
Cyprus Some countries All EU/EEA + Switzerland exchange administratively; bilateral "List 17" incl. CH, NO, IS, LI, US, CA, JP, KR, AU, NZ, ZA, RU, UA, GE, RS, ME, QA, AE, CN, MA, ZW exchange without test; all others retake full exams · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowMust exchange within 6 months of establishing residency (185 days) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceDepartment of Road Transport (Tmima Odikon Metaforon / TOM), Cyprus →
Estonia Some countries All EU/EEA + Switzerland: direct exchange, valid till expiry. 1968 Vienna & 1949 Geneva convention countries (incl. JP, UK, TR, RU): exchange cat A/B without test if documented. Non-convention: full retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNon-EU: within 12 months of residency. EU/EEA/CH: at licence expiry (or by 18 Jan 2033 if >15yr validity) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (non-convention origins) SourceTranspordiamet (Estonian Transport Administration) →
France Some countries All EU/EEA licences valid/exchangeable; non-EU only if bilateral reciprocity agreement (incl. JP, KR, Maghreb, Senegal, Brazil; US varies — ~18 states); others must retest · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNon-EU: within 1 year of residency; EU/EEA: no exchange needed unless expired/lost/offence (~6–18 months) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (code + practical) for non-reciprocal origins SourceANTS / France Titres (Ministère de l'Intérieur) →
Germany Some countries All EU/EEA + Switzerland exchange directly (no test). Others per Anlage 11 FeV bilateral list: full-exchange countries (e.g. JP, KR, CH, Andorra, some CA provinces, some US states, AU states) no test; partial-list countries theory or theory+practical; US varies by state; rest full retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowExchange within 6 months of establishing residence (non-EU); EU/EEA licences valid until expiry but exchange recommended Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (for non-listed origins); theory-only or none for some Anlage 11 countries SourceFahrerlaubnisbehörde / Führerscheinstelle (local); framework by BMDV/BASt →
Greece Some countries All EU/EEA exchange directly with no test. Reciprocal non-EU list: Australia, Canada, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, USA, UK. Origins not on the list must take the full Greek driving test. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowWithin 6 months of registering as resident (must exchange to keep driving) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceMinistry of Infrastructure and Transport (via KEP / regional Transport & Communications Dept; gov.gr) →
Ireland Some countries All EU/EEA exchange directly. Recognised states (no test): UK, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, South Africa, Taiwan, Georgia, Gibraltar, Isle of Man, some Canadian provinces. US and all others: no exchange, full retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowEU/EEA: exchange within 10 years of the licence expiring. Recognised states: exchange within 1 year of the licence's expiry date. Non-recognised: must obtain via test before the 12-month period ends. Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (via learner permit process) SourceRoad Safety Authority (RSA) / National Driver Licence Service (NDLS) →
Italy Some countries All EU/EEA valid until expiry, convert within 2yr if non-standard expiry; non-EU only with bilateral agreement (e.g. CH, JP, KR, TW, MA, and others on MIT list) convert directly; US no direct exchange (retest, save limited govt-mission cases); others retest · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNon-EU reciprocal: convert within 1 year of establishing residency; EU/EEA: drive until expiry (convert within 2yr if licence lacks standard expiry) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (for non-reciprocal / non-EU origins) SourceMotorizzazione Civile / Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti (MIT) →
Japan Some countries ~29 countries/regions test-exempt (most EU, UK, CH, AU, NZ, CA, KR, TW + 7 US states: CO,HI,MD,OH,OR,VA,WA); all others (China, India, most US states) retest · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowno fixed exchange deadline, but IDP/foreign licence only usable up to 1 year after entry; must convert before then Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (50-question knowledge test, 90%/45+ to pass, from Oct 2025) + eyesight SourcePrefectural Police (e.g. Tokyo Metropolitan Police Dept / Driver's Licence Center); National Police Agency →
Malta Some countries All EU/EEA licences exchange freely (or drive indefinitely). Non-EU direct exchange only: Australia, Switzerland, UAE (Maltese/UAE nationals only), and UK/Gibraltar/Jersey/Guernsey/Isle of Man (UK nationals). All other origins must retake theory+practical. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowMust exchange before 12 months of residence; eligible to apply after 185 days resident in the past 12 months. EU licences: no hard deadline (may drive on them). Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceTransport Malta (Land Transport Directorate) →
Mexico Some countries No reciprocity agreements with any country; every foreign resident applies for a state licence from scratch (foreign licence used only as supporting doc). Requirements vary by state. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowverify - set by each state; no single national deadline Test if non-reciprocaltheory only SourceState authority (Secretaría de Movilidad / Tránsito) in state of residence - no national agency →
Netherlands Some countries All EU/EEA + Switzerland exchange directly; designated non-EU countries incl. Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Israel, Taiwan, Canada (Alberta/Quebec) etc.; highly skilled migrants / 30% ruling holders exchange any-country licence test-free; all others full retest. US: not designated (retest). · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNon-EU: within 185 days of residency; start exchange before the foreign licence expires (expired non-EU licences cannot be exchanged) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (CBR) for non-designated origins SourceRDW (with CBR for tests); apply via municipality (gemeente) →
New Zealand Some countries ~20 exempt countries convert without tests: AU, UK, IE, CA, US, JP, KR, HK, CH + most Western EU (AT,BE,HR,DK,FI,FR,DE,GR,IT,LU,NL,NO,ES,SE). All others (incl. IN, CN, ZA, most Asia/Africa/S.America) = non-exempt, must retest · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowmust convert before the 12-month (or 18-mo) driving window from last arrival ends to keep driving Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceNZ Transport Agency Waka Kotahi (NZTA) →
Peru Some countries Reciprocal-agreement countries exchange with no exam (incl. Spain, South Korea, Chile; verify full list); all others must pass a theory/knowledge exam by class · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowverify — no fixed statutory deadline found; foreign licence must be valid (unexpired) at time of canje Test if non-reciprocaltheory only (knowledge exam by class/category); reciprocal countries exempt SourceMinisterio de Transportes y Comunicaciones (MTC) — canje via gob.pe / regional govt (Lima Class A now via MML since Apr 2026) →
Poland Some countries EU/EEA: direct exchange, no test. 1968 Vienna Convention parties: exchange, no test. Non-Vienna (e.g. US, Geneva-only): theory test required. Others may require full retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowWithin 6 months of taking up residence (non-EU/EEA) Test if non-reciprocaltheory only (for non-Vienna origins) SourceStarostwo / Wydzial Komunikacji (local transport dept); PWPW/gov.pl →
Portugal Some countries All EU/EEA + Switzerland exchange directly; OECD/CPLP bilateral list (UK, US, Canada, Australia, NZ, Japan, S.Korea, Brazil, Israel, Turkey, Chile, Iceland, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Sao Tome) exchange without test; others must retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowEU/EEA: register with IMT within 60 days of residency (exchange only at expiry). OECD/CPLP: exchange within 2 years of establishing residency. Non-agreement: immediate. Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (driving test per category, EUR30 each) SourceInstituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes (IMT) →
Qatar Some countries GCC + ~35 approved countries (all EU/EEA, UK, US, CA, AU, NZ, JP, KR, SG, CH, HK, MY) exchange without test; others retest · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowMust exchange after obtaining QID (residence permit); driving on foreign/IDP no longer allowed as resident. No fixed statutory grace beyond initial visitor period — verify Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (plus mandatory eye test for all) SourceGeneral Directorate of Traffic, Ministry of Interior (MOI) →
Romania Some countries All EU/EEA recognized directly; non-EU states party to the road-traffic Convention or with bilateral agreement exchange without exam (reciprocity required); some (e.g. China) cat B only + exam; no convention (e.g. Nepal) = cannot exchange, full retest; US: exchange possible · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowexchange after establishing domicile/residence; foreign licence valid ~90 days from entry Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical for non-reciprocal origins; reciprocal = none SourceDRPCIV / DGPCI, Ministry of Internal Affairs →
Saudi Arabia Some countries ~47-48 approved countries exchange directly (all GCC; UK/Ireland+most EU; US; Canada; Australia; NZ; Japan; South Korea; South Africa). Others retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowConvert within ~3 months of residency; licence must be valid (verify exact deadline via Absher/Muroor) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (driving school enrollment for non-approved origins) SourceGeneral Directorate of Traffic (Muroor), Ministry of Interior — via Absher →
Singapore Some countries No exemptions — every foreign licence holder must pass the BTT to convert; no reciprocal countries · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowMust convert before the 12-month period on the foreign licence ends Test if non-reciprocaltheory only (Basic Theory Test); no practical if foreign licence valid SourceSingapore Police Force — Traffic Police →
South Korea Some countries Reciprocal-agreement countries (incl. UK, Australia, Spain, France, Germany, Japan, Chile, and select US states) exchange without a road test; US varies by state; non-agreement origins retest. verify exact list · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowNo fixed deadline; ARC holders should exchange as IDP/foreign licence not accepted for long-term residents. verify Test if non-reciprocaltheory only for non-reciprocal (written test); reciprocal-country holders take only a vision/aptitude test SourceKorea Road Traffic Authority (KOROAD) →
Spain Some countries All EU/EEA (incl. Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway) exchange directly; non-EU only with bilateral convenio (JP, KR, CH, AR, BR, CO, MA, UA, TR, NZ + many LatAm); US/CA/AU no agreement, full retest · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowWithin 6 months of establishing normal residence Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceDGT (Direccion General de Trafico) →
Switzerland Some countries EU/EEA + recognized bilateral list (US, CA, AU, JP, etc.) can exchange directly (test-free for EU/EEA, control-drive for others); all others retest · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowExchange within 12 months of residency; if a control drive is required it must be booked/passed within 3 months of applying/registration Test if non-reciprocalRecognized countries: practical only (Kontrollfahrt). Non-recognized: full theory+practical SourceCantonal road traffic office (Strassenverkehrsamt / Service des automobiles), coordinated federally by asa/FEDRO →
Taiwan Some countries Bilateral equality/reciprocity basis — many countries on the Highway Bureau's reciprocal-countries table exchange with no road test (form + docs only); US varies by state (selected states reciprocal); non-listed origins retest. Mainland China must sit a written test. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowIf staying over 6 months you must obtain a local licence; IDP validation only covers you until ARC/visa expiry Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (written + road test) for non-reciprocal origins SourceDirectorate General of Highways (Highway Bureau), MOTC — regional Motor Vehicles Offices →
Thailand Some countries No true reciprocity list — any valid foreign licence can be converted, but generally with a written theory test; practical test usually waived for valid foreign licences. IDP/ASEAN & Geneva/Vienna Convention licences accepted for short-term driving. verify country-specific exemptions · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowOnce resident, obtain Thai licence before IDP/short-term validity lapses; no fixed universal grace period — verify at local DLT Test if non-reciprocaltheory only (written computer test ~45/50 to pass); practical usually waived for valid foreign licence, but at DLT discretion SourceDepartment of Land Transport (DLT), Thailand →
United States Some countries Varies by state (no federal system). A few states exchange test-free with select countries only (e.g. Germany, France, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Canada); most states (e.g. NY, California) have no foreign reciprocity — all origins retest. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · mph Switch windowApply within grace period of establishing residency, typically 10-90 days by state (e.g. Texas 90 days) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (most states, non-reciprocal origins); none where a bilateral state agreement applies SourceState DMV/DPS (no federal authority); AAMVA tracks foreign reciprocity →
Uruguay Some countries Only Spain has a live bilateral convenio (direct revalidation, no test). Italy's expired 2019. All others: homologación with exam unless you present an apostilled, Spanish-translated licence-history certificate · IDP accepted short-term Switch windowOnce resident, must homologate to drive legally; homologación only allowed if >1 year remains before the foreign licence expires (otherwise treated as new/renewal) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical unless apostilled Spanish driving-history certificate presented; none for Spain SourceIntendencia (municipal) e.g. Montevideo/Canelones; Congreso de Intendentes →
Argentina Retest all No true licence-swap. MERCOSUR nationals may drive on home licence while circulating, but residents applying for a Licencia Nacional de Conducir go through the standard national process regardless of origin; no reciprocal exchange list. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowUpon establishing residency you must obtain the Argentine Licencia Nacional de Conducir; no direct exchange (verify municipal timeframe) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (plus psychophysical/medical exam) SourceAgencia Nacional de Seguridad Vial (ANSV); licence issued by municipal/provincial Centros de Emisión de Licencias →
Chile Retest all verify · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowUpon becoming resident — no direct swap; apply for Chilean licence to drive legally as resident Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceMunicipalities (Direcciones de Tránsito) under Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones (MTT) / CONASET →
Colombia Retest all No reciprocity/direct swap. All residents must obtain a Colombian licence via approved driving school (CEA) + exams; origin country irrelevant. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the right · km/h Switch windowForeign licence becomes invalid for driving once resident (cédula de extranjería issued); must get Colombian licence before driving as a resident. Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (course at CEA: ~25 hrs car B1; written exam + medical CRC/RUNT) SourceMinisterio de Transporte / RUNT (Registro Único Nacional de Tránsito) →
Indonesia Retest all No reciprocity - all origins must take the full test · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowNo fixed conversion window; residents (KITAS/KITAP) must obtain an Indonesian SIM to drive as a resident Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical (plus medical & psychological check) SourceKorlantas POLRI (National Traffic Police), via SATPAS offices →
Malaysia Retest all No exchange for resident foreigners since 19 May 2025 — all must sit full local test. Only diplomats, MM2H holders, and Malaysian citizens with pre-existing foreign licences may still convert. · IDP accepted short-term · They drive on the left · km/h Switch windowNo conversion available; must obtain full Malaysian licence via driving school before foreign-driving allowance lapses (~12 months) Test if non-reciprocalfull theory+practical SourceRoad Transport Department (JPJ / Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan) →
법률 자문이 아닌 일반 안내입니다 — 교환 규칙은 면허 발급 국가/주에 따라 다르고 자주 바뀝니다. "직접 교환"은 보통 상호 인정 목록(대개 모든 EU/EEA + 일부 양자 협정국)에 적용되며, 그 외에는 필기 및/또는 실기 시험이 필요할 수 있습니다. 운전 가능 기간이 끝나기 전에 항상 목적지의 면허 담당 기관에 확인하세요.
기한이 중요한 이유
대부분의 나라는 새 거주자가 기존 외국 또는 국제 면허로 운전하는 것을 유예 기간 동안만 허용합니다 — 보통 거주자가 된 날부터 6~12개월입니다. 그 기간 내에 교환하면 (상호 인정 국가의 경우) 시험 없는 서류 교환입니다. 놓치면 외국 면허로는 더 이상 운전할 수 없고, 현지 필기와 실기 시험을 처음부터 통과해야 합니다. 상호 인정 여부는 기한이 만료되는 주가 아니라 도착하는 주에 확인하세요.